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The Wildlife of Russia in the forests of Russia covers 70% of the country's territory extending over 12 time zones encompassing 22% of the forest in the world. It lies in the terrain that extends from tundra region in the far north, to the Caucasus Mountains of the southern prairies and temperate forests which encompass 33% of all temperate forests existing in the world. According to the data furnished in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, as of 1997, there were 266 mammal species and 780 bird species under protection. Some of the threatened plant species are the Siberian cedar pine, Korean cedar pine in the far eastern part of the country, wild chestnut in the Caucasus.〔 In the Russian Far East the mammals reported are brown bears, Eurasian lynx, and red deer, Amur tigers, Amur leopards, and Asiatic black bears. There are also about 350 bird species and 30 percent of all endangered species in Russia are found here which include 48 unique endangered species. Carnivores under threat are the leopard in the far east with only a count of 30 now, and the Siberian tiger has a 400 count only.〔 ==Geography== Geographically the wild life habitat of plant and wild life is in the stretch of to the south of the coast, gradually extending to the extensive and dense forests of the taiga that includes a large part of Siberia, the gently sloping steppe land with trees only on the river banks, three zones of mountainous Caucasus in Southern Russia, the active volcanic region of Kamchatka, in the far northeast of Russia; and Ussuriland in the extreme Russian southwest; in the three zone of forests, the indigenous animals and vegetation are akin to South East Asia rather than Siberia. Tundra region is totally in the Arctic Circle and is the most inhospitable terrain with ground permafrost extending to even to depth of solid ice. Taiga is the largest forest in the world covering and accounts for 25% of world's wood reserves. Winter season is the harshest with biting cold conditions. When snow melts here it becomes a "spongy wetland with lakes, pools and puddles" The steppe land lies from Voronezh and Senatov to Kuban area to north of the Caucasus. It extends into south western Siberia. The topography is flat and undulating with dominance of black soil (''chernozen''). The region is drained by the Volga River forming a delta before it debouches into the Caspian Sea. The steppe alpines gradually extend to form the Caucasus region. Kamchatka region has the phenomenon of geothermal bubbling which has resulted in several volcanoes of which 30 are live. Ussuriland has a unique land feature of monsoon forests. The prominent land form here is the Sikhote-Alin range that extends for more than , running parallel to the coast. Russian wild life has been categorized by World Wide Fund for Nature into 13 Bioregions which, as of 2012, have 101 zapovedniks (strictly protected areas) covering more than 33.5 million hectares (82.7 million acres) and 38 national parks (protected areas with implemented zoning). Zapovedniks (pronounced:''Zap-o-VED-nik'') are strictly protected scientific nature reserves under IUCN category I. The Zapovednik, Barguzinsky, was the first zapovednik that was established in 1916 covering the eastern shore areas of Lake Baika. The zapovedniks cover the tundra region of the far north, the steppe (prairies) of the south, the Black Sea and the Bering Sea, encompassing a tremendous diversity of territory and play a critical role in nature conservation. The regions and the number of reserves in each of then are: 8 in the Arctic region of Russia, 20 reserves in Kola-Karelian & Eastern European Forest, 13 in the Eastern European Forest-Steppe, Steppe & Caspian Semi-Desert, 9 in Ural Mountains, 6 in at Caucasus (also Prielbrusye National Park and Sochinsky National Park, 4 in Western Siberian Forest, 4 in Central Siberia, 8 in Altai-Sayansky, 4 in Baikal ( and Zabaikalsky National Park), 4 in Zabaikal, 15 in Amur-Sakhalin and 5 in Kamchatka-Okhotsk Sea.〔 UNESCO listed World Heritage Sites in these regions are: Virgin Komi Forests of the Urals, the Lake Baikal, the Volcanoes of Kamchatka, the Altai Mountains, the Western Caucasus, the Curonian Spit (the Kurshkaya Kosa National Park), the Central Sikhote-Alin, Uvs Nuur Basin on the border with Mongolia, and the Wrangel Island Reserve in the Chukchi Sea in the Russian Far East. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wildlife of Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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